R.A Kartini
Birth
RA Kartini was born on April 21, 1879 in Jepara, Central Java. RA Kartini was born in the middle of a Javanese aristocratic family. This is the reason why he got the RA title which stands for Raden Ajeng. However, after marriage, according to the traditional Javanese guidance, the RA title changed to Raden Ayu.
RA Kartini's birthday is currently celebrated as a national day, namely Kartini day. His commemoration of 21 April as Kartini's day is none other than to commemorate and honor his services who have fought for the Indonesian people, especially women, so that they can be more advanced and compete with other nations.
Family's background
RA Kartini is the first daughter of Raden Adipati Ario Sosroningrat's first wife. The father of RA Kartini was the son of Prince Arion Tjondronegoro IV. Although RA Kartini's mother was the first wife, RA Kartini's mother was not the main wife.
RA Kartini's mother named MA Ngasirah. He is a Kiyai in Telukawur, Surabaya. MA Ngasirah herself is not a daughter of noble descent. In fact, during the Dutch colonial period, there was a regulation if a regent had to marry a fellow aristocrat.
That is the reason why RA Kartini's father married Raden Adjeng Woerjan, who is a royal descendant of the King of Madura. After the marriage, RA Kartini's father was then appointed to be the regent of Jepara right after RA Kartini was born.
Adolescence
The grandfather of RA Kartini was the first regent who had given Western education to his children. Meanwhile, RA Kartini is the fifth child of 11 siblings, both biological and steppeople. RA Kartini herself is the oldest daughter among her siblings.
Then RA Kartini went to school at ELS (Europese Lagere School) until the age of 12 years. It was during this school period that he learned Dutch. The short period of schooling was because at the age of 15 RA Kartini had to stay at home because she had been secluded.
RA Kartini was very good at Dutch. She started learning to write letters to friends from the Netherlands, one of which was Rosa Abendanon, who was very supportive of RA Kartini. Starting from learning correspondence, RA Kartini became interested in the mindset of European women. He learned about it through newspapers, magazines and books. Then she began to have a desire to promote Indonesian women whose social status was still low at that time.
RA Kartini began to pay attention to the issue of women's emancipation by comparing European women with Indonesian women. For him a woman must get equality, freedom and autonomy as well as legal equality. This is what RA Kartini strives for in the future.
Post Marriage Until Death
November 12, 1903, precisely when RA Kartini was 24 years old, he was asked to marry the then Rembang Regent, namely K.R.M Adipati Ario Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat. RA Kartini's husband already has three wives.
The husband of RA Kartini was very understanding about RA Kartini's wishes. In fact, he freed and supported RA Kartini to establish a women's school in the east of the Rembang office gate, which currently has become a scout building.
From his marriage to KRM Adipati Ario Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat, RA Kartini was blessed with a son named RM Soesalit Djojoadhiningrat who was born on September 13, 1904. Unfortunately, four days after RA Kartini gave birth, at the age of 25, RA Kartini died and he was buried. in Bulu Village, Rembang.
Foundations, Books and Awards
Right in 1912, the Kartini Foundation in Semarang established a women's school which was named Kartini School. The school was founded by the Van Deventer family who were leaders of the Ethical Policy at that time. The construction of these schools then continued in Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, Cirebon, and various other areas.
After the death of RA Kartini, a Dutch man named J.H. Abendanon, who at that time served as the Minister of Culture, Religion and Crafts of the Dutch East Indies, collected letters that RA Kartini had written while actively doing correspondence with his European friends at that time.
From there the beginning of the compilation of a book whose title was originally "Door Duisternis tot Licht" and later translated as "From Darkness to Light", then published in 1911.
Sumber :
https://hot.liputan6.com/read/4351103/biografi-ra-kartini-singkat-sang-pejuang-emansipasi-wanita#:~:text=Biografi%20RA%20Kartini%20Singkat%3A%20Latar%20Belakang%20Keluarga&text=RA%20Kartini%20merupakan%20putri%20pertama,putra%20Pangeran%20Arion%20Tjondronegoro%20IV.&text=Ibu%20dari%20RA%20Kartini%20bernama,seorang%20Kiyai%20di%20Telukawur%2C%20Surabaya.
