EXPLANATION TEXT

Explanation text is a type of English text that contains how or why something happened. Generally, this type of text describes the process of something happening. The things described in the explanatory text are in the form of natural and social phenomena.

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

1.) General statement
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

2.)  Explanation
Explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Purpose of Explanation Text

> Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.

> To explain how or why something happens.

Type of Explanation Text

> The First Type ( Text that explains why something happened )
= such as why the glass is dewy when we shower

> The Second Type ( Text that describe how something happened )
= such as how landslides can occur

Language Features of Explanation Text

In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :
– Using simple present tense
– Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
– Using Passive voice
– Using Action verbs
– Containing explanation of the process

Example of Explanation Text

How a Tsunami Happens?

General Statement

We all know that tsunamis are a series of destructive waves and powerful. Tsunami is the deadliest wave because the wave speed is incredibly fast. But do you know how a tsunami can happens?

Explanation

Tsunami originated from Japan, “tsu” meaning harbor and “nami” meaning wave. They are normally caused by landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions in, or close to an ocean. After some sort of underwater disturbance, this causes energy to rise up to sea level pushing the water high into the air. Gravity kicks in and pulls it down again and then consequently causing the water to filter out into many different directions.

When a tsunami begins to approach the shore the energy in the wave is compressed. As a result, the water is pushed up into the wave, resulting in a powerful tsunami. If the trough hits the shoreline first, it then causes the tide to drastically retreat.

Conclusion

So, tsunamis happen because of natural disasters such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. People who live near the shoreline have to be careful because they are threatened by tsunamis whenever there is an earthquake.

Conclusion

Explanation text is a type of English text that contains how or why something happened.

Sumber : 
https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/10/19/080000169/explanation-text--pengertian-struktur-dan-contoh?page=all#:~:text=Jika%20disimpulkan%2C%20explanation%20text%20adalah,berupa%20fenomena%20alam%20maupun%20sosial.
http://britishcourse.com/explanation-text-definition-generic-structures-purposes-language-features.php
https://www.yuksinau.id/contoh-explanation-text/

CAUSE AND EFFECT

    

CAUSE AND EFFECT

    Cause and effect are the type of compound sentence that has a cause and can cause an effect. Cause means something that happens, while the effect is a consequence of the incident.

CAUSE

(noun) someone or something that makes a situation happen.

The cause of the flood was the massive of amount garbage thrown in the river. (Penyebab dari banjir itu adalah banyaknya sampah yang dibuang ke sungai)

(verb) an activity that makes something happen.

The massive amount of garbage thrown in the river caused the flood. (Banyaknya sampah yang dibuang ke sungai menyebabkan banjir ini)

EFFECT

(noun) a change which is the result of an activity or cause.

The rain had an effect on her mood. (Hujan mempunyai pengaruh pada mood-nya)

a. Affect

**When effect is used as a verb it changes to affect.**

(verb) to produce an effect; cause something to happen.

The rain affected his mood. (Hujan mempengaruhi mood-nya)

Keywords to identify sentences that contain a cause-and-effect relationship is that there are words like:

Due to ; Because of ; Owing to ; Thanks to ; As a consequence of ; As a result of ; Because ; Since ; As ; For ; etc.

Cause : Because ; Since ; Cause ; Reason ; So that ; Unless ; etc.

Effect : If ; Consequently ; Therefore ; Thus ; Effect : etc.

To express cause and effect in English, the above sentence or phrase will usually be followed by a (noun) or (verb).

1.) A CAUSE-and-EFFECT SENTENCE FOLLOWED BY A NOUN

A cause and effect word followed by a noun or noun phrase usually uses a word or phrase (signal word / phase) such as :

Because of ; Thanks to ; As a result of ; Due to ; As a consequence of ; Owing to

Cause or cause is always written after the causal phrase (signal word / phase) as in the example above. Below are common patterns:

Signal word/phrase	+	Cause	+	Effect
atau
Effect	+	Signal word/phrase	+	Cause

Example : [a noun or noun phrase is underlined]

1. Due to Bella’s nervousness, she did not pass the driving test.

Karena kegugupan Bella, dia tidak lulus ujian menyetir.

Signal phrase: due to

Cause: Bella’s nervousness

Effect: She did not pass the driving test

2. As a result of the rain, we canceled the outing.

Karena hujan, kita membatalkan pikinik itu.

Signal phrase: As a result of

Cause: the rain

Effect : we canceled the outing

3. She was dismissed as a consequence of her ignorance

Dia diberhentikan karena ketidak tahuannya

Signal phrase: as a consequence of

Cause: her ignorance

Effect : She was dismissed

2.) A CAUSE-and-EFFECT SENTENCE FOLLOWED BY A VERB

A cause and effect word followed by a subject + verb or verb phrase usually uses a word or phrase (signal word / phase) such as:

Because ; Since ; As ; For

Cause is always written after the causal phrase (signal word / phase) as in the example above. Below are common patterns:

Signal word/phrase	+	Cause	+	Effect
atau
Effect	+	Signal word/phrase	+	Cause

Example : [subject + verb or verb phrase will be underlined]

1.He's always late because he always stay up at night 

Dia selalu telat karena dia selalu begadang.

Signal phrase: because

Cause: he always up at night 

Effect : He's always late

2. The outing was canceled since it's raining

Piknik itu dibatalkan karena hujan.

Signal phrase: since 

Cause: it's raining

Effect : The outing was canceled

3. Because Bella was nervous, she didn't pass the driving test

Karena Bella gugup, dia tidak lulus ujian tes mengemudi

Signal phrase: Because

Cause: Bella was nervous

Effect : she didn't pass the driving test

Exercise Page 79-81

DIALOG 

ISMI            : I’m worried about my friend

NADILA    : What happen with your friend?

ISMI          : My friend was grounded because he cheated on a test

NADILA    : Oh,he deserves to be punished

Conclusion :

 Cause and effect are the type of compound sentence that has a cause and can cause an effect. Cause means something that happens, while the effect is a consequence of the incident.

Sumber :

https://www.sederet.com/tutorial/penggunaan-cause-and-effect-sentences-dalam-bahasa-inggris/

NEW YEAR! 2021

 

I can't believe it's new year. People say the new year is starting a new beginning, hoping that good things will come to this year. So is my hope.

The most important thing I hope for this year is that the corona pandemic will end soon.

 I've been dead bored at home for about 6 months. I also can't travel on New Years holidays which is really annoying.

My second hope, I want something new to happen to me. I wish I could go beyond my limits and also I want to be able to fix my vices.

My third wish, I wish everyone I love to be always healthy. I want to hang out with friends as well as my family.

My most important plan for the new year is studying.

Yup, I will study hard to be able to restore my original grades, I was really annoyed with myself last year because my achievement in academics was very lacking.

Secondly I want to learn more about digital art, especially in drawing applications and making comics.

Then I also want to try a little bit to improve my worship, such as increasing the sunnah fasting, praying at night, reading the Holy Qur'an more and trying to memorize it again.

My holiday in 2020 can probably be said to be the worst vacation I've had.

I just stay at home accompanied by a black laptop and my favorite smartphone.

Sometimes I watch movies and listen to songs.

But I spend most of my time sketching drawings and comics in Paint Studio.

I made more of this, and it numbed my hands and trembled for a while. Trust me, it's not easy but because I am stubborn and very curious I try to cooperate with my hands to continue it.

So how about you? What are your hopes and plans for this year?

TYPE 3 IF CONDITIONAL

 

TYPE 3 IF CONDITIONAL

Third conditional sentence is a conditional sentence when a condition cannot be realized at all because the conditions must have been met in the past. or it could be regret.

Function

Refers to past probable conditions and possible past outcomes. Sentences are only assumptions and are not real because it is too late to do them now and the results are impossible.

Formula

If + Past Perfect, would/should/could/might + have + past participle

Example :

1.) If you hadn't lied to me before, i would have believed you

2.) If the weather had been good, we would have gone swimming

3.) If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam

4.) If i had met Fitri last week, i would have given her my exercise book

Contraction

Both would and had can be shortened to 'd, which can be confusing if you are unsure about using type 3 conditional sentences. Remember 2 rules:

1. Would never appear in the if clause, so if 'd appears in the if clause, it must be short for had.

2. Had never appears before have, so if 'd appears in front of the pronoun right before have, it must be an abbreviation of would.

• If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.
• If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
• I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.

Conclusion : 

Third conditional sentence is a conditional sentence when a condition cannot be realized at all because the conditions must have been met in the past.

Description :

https://www.ef.co.id/panduan-bahasa-inggris/tata-bahasa-inggris/type-3-conditional/

TYPE 2 IF CONDITIONAL

TYPE 2 IF CONDITIONAL

sentence to use when the result of a condition has no or little chance of manifesting because the condition is unlikely to be met in the present or is difficult to meet in the future.

FUNCTION

The function of type 2 if condition is to refer to a situation which is a supposition and the possible outcome.  

Not based on the real situation and the time is now or anytime and the situation is not real or presumed.

I. If + simple past + Present conditional/present continuous conditional

Example : 

1. You wouldn't be tired if you take a rest

2. He would hurt himself if he always fought

3. If it rained tomorrow i would sleep all day

II. Use of "if were"

Example :

1. If i were older, i would leave from my house

2. If i were you i would be so happy

3. If i were a doctor i would help many people

Dialog

Nadila     : Did you receive the test results this morning?

Ismi         : yes, did

Nadila     : how?

Ismi         : i got 85

Nadila     : if i were you i would be so happy

Ismi         : how about you?

Nadila     : not bad i got 80

Conclusion :

Type 2 if condition is to refer to a situation which is a supposition and the possible outcome.

SPECIAL EDITION - Commemoration of the National Doctor's Day and Youth Pledge Day 2020

 

National Doctor's Day and Youth Pledge Day 2020

24 October is the National Doctor's Day. Of course, in my opinion, this is a special celebration to be able to appreciate the services of doctors who have been helping the community. Especially in the current pandemic, the role of doctors is really needed.

To all the Indonesian medical teams, I would like to thank you very much for your hard work and sacrifice. Maybe just saying thanks is not enough considering that you all have to be willing to part ways with your family in order to carry out your obligations. 

Thank you again for holding out for all of us. 

Thank you for being there when we need.

And after that we will commemorate Youth Pledge Day on 28 October. The history of the youth oath is indeed extraordinary, of course today as Indonesian youth we must continue the determination of our predecessors.

My message for the youth in Indonesia, continue the struggle on our own path. The hobbies that we like, the jobs we do, all have their own roles, even though they are small. Even though we have the desire to study abroad, apply that knowledge to our country. 

Apply the knowledge that we get to further advance the country and nation. So that we can enjoy the results of our hard work together.

IF CONDITIONAL ZERO TYPE

 

IF CONDITONAL ZERO TYPE

Zero conditional or conditional sentence type 0 is a conditional clause that is used when the result / consequence of the condition is always materialized because it's a scientific fact or general truth which is habitual activity.

Function :

The zero conditional is used to discuss scientific facts or general truths.

Formula :

 

Example :

1.) if you study hard, you will get good grade

2.) if you eat too much, your stomach will get hurt

3.) if it's rain you will get wet

4.) if you don't finish your homework, you will be punished

Dialog 

Nadila : where did you buy your book? 

Ismi : humm why? 

Nadila : The cover is so cool, my book doesn't look like that 

Ismi : If you need a book, buy it at a bookstore

Conclusion :

The zero conditional is used to discuss scientific facts or general truths.

FIRST TYPE IF CONDITIONAL

FIRST TYPE IF CONDITIONAL 

Shape

In type 1 conditional sentences, the tense in the if clause is the simple present and the tense in the main clause is the simple future.

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to adjust pronouns and punctuation marks when changing clause order, but the meaning is the same.

Example : 

1. If it rains, you will get wet

2. You will get wet if it rains

3. If Sally is late again I will be mad

4. I will be mad if Sally is late again

5. If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus

Function

This condition refers to conditions that may occur and the possible results.  

These sentences are based on facts and are used to make statements about the real world and certain situations.This sentence is often used to give a warning.

the time is present or future and the situation is real.

Example :

1. If I have time, I'll finish that letter

2. What will you do if you miss the plane?3. Nobody will notice if you make a mistake

4. If you drop that glass, it will break

Dialog 

Ismi         : look at the weather! It's getting rains!

Nadila     : Oh no! I have to go to my grandmother house.

Ismi        : If it rains, you will get wet.

Nadila    : Don't worry! I bring my umbrella, take it easy!

Conclusion :

First type if conditional is use to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future.

Example ( If i wake up late, i will skip my breakfast )

PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is a form of sentence where the subject of the sentence takes action, not takes action.

 1.) The passive voice is used frequently.  (= we are interested in the passive voice, not in who uses it.)

 2.) The house was built in 1654. (= we are interested in the house, not in who built it.)

 3.) The road is being repaired.  (= we are interested in the path, not in who did the repair.)

Example :

1. Everyone understands English 

Passive ( English is understood by Everyone )

2. We cleaned our house yesterday

Passive ( Our house was cleaned yesterday )

3. She didn’t invite me to the party

Passive ( I wasn’t invited to the party )

4. They didn’t study Math last night.
Passive  ( Math wasn’t studied last night )

5. She would reject the offer

Passive ( The offer would be rejected by her )

6. This surprises me

Passive ( I am surprised by this )

Dialog

Nadila       : do you know the news?

Ismi          : what it is?

Nadila      : in 32 street there is a house. The house has been destroyed by the fire

Ismi          : really? It's very close to my house

Nadila      : yeah, you would have been told by your mother

Conclusion :

Passive voice is a form of sentence where the subject of the sentence takes action, not takes action.

LETTER WRITING

 

    LETTER WRITING

Types of Letter :

• Informal Letter/Personal Letter
• Formal Letter

PERSONAL LETTER

Personal letter are letters that are written to people we know such as friends, parents, siblings and cousins. Letters aren't only written to inform but to strengthen the bond between two people writing to each other.

Structure of Personal Letter

Date
( Date when the letter is written (top left))
Address
(Place where you are writing from (top rigth))
Salutation & Name 
(Greeting and the person's name you are writing to)
Introduction 
(The opening of the letter usually starts with how are you or refers to previous letter)
Body

(The main part of the letter. it includes what you want to write to the other person)
Closure 

(The part indicates the letter is going to end)
Complimentary close 

(short expressions like "love you","sincerely yours","love")
Signature

(Signature or initials of the writer)
Postscript P.S 

(After thought in a letter. You begin with P.S and end it with your initials)

Example : 

35 Senggigi Raya

Lombok

75009 Nusa Tenggara Timur

12 th January 2014

My Dear Lovely Siti,

Hello!

How are you, sweetie? I know you're angry with me because i am writing to you after a long time. I'm so sorry, please forgive me. You know we're in Lombok right now. It's so beautiful beyond imagination. I'm writing to you from this really cute little cafe on the Senggigi beach. As you know, mum loves shopping, so she goes and will go for hours. I took a rain check from shopping and decided to write to you while i enjoy my cup of coffee.

You know, yesterday we went to Gili Nanggu Island; it's a beach on the southwest of lombok. The place is awesome. It;s so beautiful i couldn;t believe my eyes. There are beautiful coral reefs everywhere. We went for snorkeling and we saw the most amazing fish ever. I wish you were here; it would have been much more fun.

Mum was making sure that we didn't miss any sight in the whole city, so we had practically been everywhere.

I have to go, mum is here. I will see you soon.

Lots of love

XOXO

Lana

P.S I'm bringing you lots of souvenirs and pictures!!

Conclusion : 

Letter writing is a personal letter that are written to people we know such as friends, parents, siblings and cousins. The function is to strengthen the bond between two people writing to each other.

EXPOSITION TEXT

 

EXPOSITION TEXT

A series of sentences that aim to explain an idea from one point of view to the reader

Social Function (The purpose of an exposition test is to persuade your audience to look at an issue with your perspective)

Structure of Exposition Text

1.) Title

tells about the topic of the essay

2.) Introduction

- This is the starting point of an exposition essay

- Here you state the topic and establish the point view (thesis statement)

- Introductory statement should be an emotial statement or a question that is an attention grabber

- A preview of the points you plan to make to support your thesis

3.) Body

- A series of arguments to convince the audience

- Each paragraph starts with a new argument

- Each paragraph has a main point, reason for the main point and evidence to support the main point

- Use of emotive words, mental verbs, causal conjuctions to persuade the audience

- Each paragraph has to be logically linked to the previous paragraph and to the thesis statement

4.) Conclusion

- Reiterates or restates the thesis statement

- Summarizes what has been stated

Types of Exposition Text 

1.) Analytical Exposition

Analytical exposition is a text that elaborates the writers idea about the phenomenon surrounding. It's social function is to persuade the readers that the idea is important matter.

2.) Hortatory Exposition

Hortatory exposition is a written English text in which the writer persuades people that something should/should not be the case.The function of the hortatory exposition is to persuade the reader that something should or should not be the case.

Cramminng is Bad

How do you study when the test is coming? Do you start preparing for the weeks or moths before the test or leave things to the last hour? If you start studying weeks or months before the test, is great. However, if you study all the material in the last hour or minute, it’s not good for you and it’s called cramming.

Cramming is the situation when students stay up until morning to study before their test. This habit can lead to negative impacts for some reason. The first reason is that disruptions in the regular sleep cycle can cause temporary intellectual lapses. For most students, less sleep can make them could not focus in the class. Additionally, cramming can leave us with “something that I have seen before” in our memory. However, being able to recognize something is not the same as being able to recall it. Besides that, each person has their different sleeping time, so some of them often use a stimulant for cramming. Furthermore, that stimulant gives bad effect to its consumers.

The example stimulant is coffee. It causes many problems such as Caffeine Intoxiation Syndrome, anxiety, panic, headaches, and so on. To sum up, cramming is bad because it disturbs our regular sleep cycle which cause temporary intellectualn lapses and using stimulant for cramming gives bad effect to our health.

 

Conclusion : 

Exposition text is to persuade your audience to look at an issue with your perspective and the types of exposition text is Analytical Exposition Text and Hortatory Exposition Text